a) Right to Education. - The right of all citizens to access and quality education at all levels1. Furthermore, education is one of the most powerful tools in uplifting the lives of marginalized children from poverty and bringing them into productive engagement in society.
b) System of Education. - Establishment, maintenance, and support of a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society2. Further, this provision implies the inclusion of alternative delivery models in order to reach out to all children and youth from disadvantaged and different backgrounds.
c) Ius Naturale. - The natural right of parents to rear their children3. Further, this provision implies the promotion of positive discipline, values, and resilience and the promotion of a positive culture of peace among individuals and families, at home and in the community;
d) Mandatory Education. - A compulsory elementary education for all school-aged children4; Further, this compulsory education will be free and universal starting from early childhood care and development.
e) Affirmative Support. - Establishment and maintenance of a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged5. Further, this implies that those who have less in life should have more in law, thus, the differently-abled, cultural minorities and the geographically isolated and socially-disadvantaged (GIDA) are to be provided this kind of affirmative support.
f) Types of Learning. - Encouragement of non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs6;
g) Lifelong Learning. - Provision for adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills7;
h) Global Learning. - Fostering a love of humanity, teaching the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthening ethical and spiritual values, developing moral character and personal discipline, encouraging critical and creative thinking, broadening scientific and technological knowledge, and promoting vocational efficiency8;
i) Complementary Roles. - Ensuring the complementary roles of public and private institutions in the educational system and reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational institutions9;
i) Complementary Roles. - Ensuring the complementary roles of public and private institutions in the educational system and reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational institutions9;
j) Education Ownership and Control. - Educational institutions shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens. The control and administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the Philippines10;
(k) Tax and Duties Exemption. - All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from taxes and duties; proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned, may likewise be entitled to such exemptions subject to the limitations provided by law including restrictions on dividends and provisions for reinvestment11. Further, subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from tax12;
m) Right to Select Profession. - Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and equitable admission and academic requirements14;
n) Professional Advancement. - The right of teachers to professional advancement. Equally, the rights of non-teaching academic and non-academic personnel shall also be protected15;
o) Education as the Government Priority. - Assigning the highest budgetary priority to education and ensuring that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment16;
p) Use of Languages. - While the official languages are Filipino and English, the regional languages, including Arabic, shall be the official auxiliary languages in the region and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein17;
q) Science and Technology. - Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. Priority shall be given to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science and technology education, training, and services; and to support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities, and their application to the country’s productive systems and national life18;
r) Research Incentives. - Provision for incentives to encourage private participation in programs of basic and applied scientific research. Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be provided to deserving science students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists, and specially gifted citizens19;
s) Technology Adaptation and Transfer. - Regulation of the transfer and promotion of the adaptation of technology from all sources for the national benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of private groups, local governments, and community-based organizations in the generation and utilization of science and technology;
t) Intellectual Property Rights. - Protection and securement of the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists, and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when beneficial to the people, for such period as may be provided by law20;
u) Unity in Diversity. - Preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression21;
Footnotes
1 Section 1, Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports, 1987 Constitution, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/. Also, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that education is a fundamental right of everyone.
2 Section 2, Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Section 3, Ibid.
9 Section 4, Ibid.
10 Section 4, Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports, 1987 Constitution, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 Section 5, Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Sections 6 and 7, Ibid.
18 Section 10, Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports, 1987 Constitution, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
19 Section 11, Ibid.
20 Section 12, Ibid.
21 Section 13, Ibid.
Footnotes
1 Section 1, Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports, 1987 Constitution, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/. Also, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that education is a fundamental right of everyone.
2 Section 2, Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Section 3, Ibid.
9 Section 4, Ibid.
10 Section 4, Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports, 1987 Constitution, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 Section 5, Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Sections 6 and 7, Ibid.
18 Section 10, Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports, 1987 Constitution, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
19 Section 11, Ibid.
20 Section 12, Ibid.
21 Section 13, Ibid.
